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w¾kiaÜ fm%âßla IQudl¾ kï wd¾Ól{hdf.a ishjeks ckau Èkh ieuÍu fjkqfjka rpkd lrk ,o ,smshls.

LKsc f;,au; hefmk 

f,dal wd¾Ólhl w¾nqol,skau ÿgq wd¾Ól{hd

—fmdis, bkaOk  ^fm%fg%da,shï ksIamdok& w:Hka;fhkau —iajdNdúl m%d.aOkhl’˜. tfy;a kùk wd¾Ólh úiska fuu iajdNdúl m%d.aOk iïm; ;ukaf.a m%Odku wodhï ud¾.h njg m;alrf.k ;sfí' fuf,i fuu iajdNdúl m%d.aOk iïm; wm úiskau úkdY lrkafka kï th ukqIH j¾.hdgu lrkq ,nk ;¾ckhls' wm jgd ;sfnk m%;sW;amdokh l< fkdyels bkaOk m%Odk yd tlu wdodhï ud¾.h njg m;alr .ekSu ukqIH j¾.hdf.a ckÔú;hg Wiq,d ord.; fkdyels nrm;, wk;=rla isÿlrkq ,nkafkahzz'                                                                                                                                                                                                      

-w¾kiaÜ fm%âßla IQud¾l¾

uyd mßudKfha ixj¾Ok Wmdhka ksidu f,dal wd¾Ól w¾nqoh ;j ;j;a W.%jk nj m%ldY l< yd tu m%ldYhka u.ska wka;¾cd;sl n,mEula we;s l< wd¾:sl úfYaI{hka úr, fkdfõ' ta w;ßka m%uqLj lshfjk kï w;r c¾uksfha Wm; ,o w¾kiaÜ fm%âßla IQudl¾(Ernst Friedrich Schumacher) keue;swd¾Ól{hdg ysñ jkafka m%uqL ia:dkhls'

1911 jif¾§ c¾uksfha Wm; ,nd we;s fuu wka;¾cd;sl wd¾Ól úYaf,aIlhd,c¾uksfha n¾,ska iriúfha;a, ì%;dkHfha Tlaia*¾â iriúfha;;a" wfußldfõ fldf,dïìhd úYaj úoHd,fha;a ish wOHdmkh m%.=K lr we;. Tyqf.a mshd o foaYmd,kwd¾Ól úoHdj ms<sn| uydpd¾hjrfhls'

fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miqj c¾uksfha wd¾Ólh k.disgqúu fjkqfjka" cd;sl wd¾Ól WmfoaYl jrfhl= jYfhka fiajh fldg we;s w;r" ì%;dkfha cd;sl .,a w`.=re uKav,fha wd¾Ól WmfoaYlfhl= jYfhka o jir úiailg wêl ld,hla fiajh lr we;. Tyq f,aLlfhla" jeú,slrefjla fukau fj<| jHdmdßlfhla o úh'

ixj¾Okh yd ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾.hka ms<sn|j úúO jljdkq j, fkdfhl=;a idlÉPd u;jdo olskakg wikakg ,eìu iq,N ,CIkhlaj mj;S. ta ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka fhdod .kakd l%ufõohka yd Wmdh ud¾.hka ksrka;rfhka u w¾nqOhg .uka lsÍu ksidh.ta ksidu f,dal mßudKj wd¾Ól w¾nqohka jßkajr ks¾udKh ùu je<elaúh fkdyels ksh;hla ù ;sfí'j;auka wd¾Óll%ufõohkaf.a iukh l< fkdyels w¾nqoh f,i m%ldY jkafkao  fuu ;;ajhhs'

rdcH Y=NidOk wd¾Ólh

fojk f,dal  hqoaOfhka miq 1946 § muK wdrïN jQ rdcH Y=NidOkjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh o ^flakaishdkq&fndfyda wd¾Ól úfYaI{hkaa wfmaCId l< b,lalhka fj; ,`.dùug fkdyels úh'ta ksidkej; jghlska f,dal wd¾Ólh w¾nqohg ,la lrñkatu l%ufõoh owjidkh lrd <`.dúh' fï w¾nqofhka f.dv tau i|yd"ms<shï f,i1970 oYlfha ;ep¾-f¾.ka m%uqL fjñka y÷kajd ÿka kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól l%ufõoh;a w¾nqoh lrd .uka lrñka ;sfí'

1970 oYlfha f,dalfha bx.%Sis NdIdj l:d lrk nqoaêu;=ka w;r f,dal wd¾Ólh ms<sn| w¾kiaÜ fm%âßla IQudl¾ f.a úYaf,aIKhka w;sYh ckm%sh jQ nj lshefõ' fudyqf.a wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka ms<sn| ,sms tl;=jla f,i 1973 § uqøKh l< —l=vd foa ,iakhs˜ (Small is Beautiful) .%ka:h" fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miqj m<l, lD;Ska 100 h w;r m%uqLia:dkhla ysñlr.kakg iu;aj we;.fuu .%ka:h f,dalfha úúO NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrk ,o .%ka:hls'

bkaOk w¾nqoh

ld¾ñl úma,jh yd ne÷Kq wd¾Ól l%ufõohka nrm;, úfúpkhg Ndckh l< Tyq fhdckd lrk ,o w¾:l%uh jQfha ck;d iyNd.S;aj l=vd mßudKfha ksIamdok rgdjkah'Tyqf.a úfõpkhka w;r n,Yla;s ksIamdokh fjkqfjka m%;s W;amdokh fkdjk bkaOk Ndú;h úfYaIfhka fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok Ndú;h f,dal wd¾Ólh nrm;, w¾nqohlg le|jdf.k hk njg wk;=re y`.jd ;sìu m%uqLh' fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok ^bkaOk& m%;sW;amdokh fkdùu;a" tajd ksIamdokfha § orkakg isÿjk by, msßjeh fukau mdßißl jYfhka u;=jk .eg`M yd w¾nqohka ms<sn|j o Tyqf.a úYaf,aIKhka ;=,=ska m%n, f,i u;=lrkakg fjfyiSuolskakg ,efnk iqúfYaIS ,CIKhls'

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha § fhdod.kakd n,Yla;Ska ^bkaOk& ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk m%uqL rgj,a úiska we;s lr.kakd wêldßjd§ n,h ^OPECixúOdkh jeks) ms<sn|j IQudl¾ wk;=re ye`.jQfha 1950 .Kka j,§h' fï ksidu bkaOk ñ< md,kh l< fkdyels nj;a fuu ;;ajh ksid ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾.hka nrm;, f,i wNsfhda.hg ,lajk njg;a Tyq wk;=re ye`.ùh'

wo oji jkúg bkaOk ksIamdok ñ< Tfrd;a;= fkdfok f,i by< hñka ;sfí' tu ksIamdokj, whs;sh fjkqfjka n,j;a rgj,a úiska fufyhjkakd jQ n, wr.,h o f,dal wd¾Ól w¾nqoh ;j;j;a ;Sj% flfrk nj meyeÈ<sj olskakg we;' bkaOk ksIamdokfha whs;sh yd tajd /ialr ;eîfï igk iukh l< fkdyels f,dal w¾nqohla njg m;aùu olajd j¾Okh ùfï wk;=r neyer l< fkdyels h:d¾;hla njg m;afjñka ;sfí'

fuu miqìu ;=<1950 .Kkaj, isgu jßkajr Tyq úiska;ukaf.a wOHkhka u.ska bÈßm;a lrkq ,enQwd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka ys jákdlu iudch bÈßfha ;yjqre fjñka ;sfí'

kHIaÀl n, Yla;sh

úl,am n,Yla;sh ms<sn| idlÉPdj m%Odk jYfhka fhduqjQfha kHIaÀl n,Yla;shksmoùu i|ydjehjk ksIamdok msßjeh wjuùu hk idOlh flfrysh.wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg mj;sk m%Odku ndOdj jQ bkaOk ksIamdokfha § orkakg isÿjk wêl msßjehg uyqK§u yd fõ.j;a wd¾Ólixj¾Okhla i|yd úl,amhla f,i kHIaÀl n,Yla;sh flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduqúh'

jvd Yla;su;a wd¾Ól j¾Okhla yd ksIamdokfha msßjeh wju lsßfï wruqKfjkqfjka muKla kHIaÀl n, Yla;sh fhdod.ekSfuka we;súhyels nrm;, úkdYhka ms<sn|j Tyqf.a úYaf,aIKhka ;=< meyeÈ<sj bÈßm;a lsÍug IQudl¾wu;l fkdlf<ah.kHIaál n,Yla;sh ksIamdokh lsÍfï §uqod yefrkúlsrK wmøjH Tyq fjä WKavhlg iudk lf<ah.fuu úkdYldÍ úlsrK wmøjH úkdY l< fkdyelsjdla fukau tajd wdrCIs; f,i r|jd ;nd .ekSug o wêl msßjehla orkakg isÿjk nj Tyq fmkajd ÿkafkah mßirhg isÿúh yels úkdYh ms<sn|j Tyq m<l, wkdjels f,dalhdg uqyqK§ug isÿj we;s úkdYhkaf.kaa ukdj ;yjqre ù we;'

ksIamdok yd mßfNdack rgdj

n, Yla;Ska wju f,i mßfNdackh lrkakg fhduq jQ iudchla ks¾udKh lsßu yer fuu wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK Èhyels fjk;a l%uhla fkdue;s nj Tyq fmkajd ÿkafkah' ta i|yd wê ;dCIKh y÷kajd§u fjkqjg ir, ;dCIKh y÷kajd§u Tyq fhdackd lf<ah' úfYaIfhka ;=kajk f,dalfha rgj,a i|yd kj ;dCIKh y÷kajd§fuka muKla fï rgj,a ixj¾Okh lsÍug fkdyels nj Tyq fmkajd fokq ,eîh' iQ<`." iQ¾h Yla;sh" c,h jeks iajdNdúl n,Yla;Ska fhdod .ekSu w¾nqohg tlu úi÷u f,i fhdackd lf<ah'

ñksia iudcfha meje;au fjkqfjka Tyq fhdackd lf<a mßfNdackh i|yd muKla m%udKjla jk ksIamdok rgdjlah' tu.ska iïm;a úkdYh yd wêksIamdokh j,lajd .;yels nj Tyq fmkajd ÿkafkah' ksIamdokfha § wê ;dCIKh fjkqjg ir, ;dCIk l%u Ndú;h u.ska ksIamdok msßjeh wju lr.ekSfï yelshdj Tyq meyeÈ<s lf<ah'ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § iq<`." iQ¾h ;dmh" c,h jeks keje; kej;;a m%;sW;amdokh l< yels n,Yla;Ska Ndú;hg .ekSu u.ska u;=úh yels mdßißl yd foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka j<lajd .; yels njo Tyq jeäÿrg;a fmkajd ÿkafkah'

ir, ;dCIKh

ir, ;dCIK Ndú;dj ms<sn|j ,xldfõ wdo¾Yhka ms<sn|j i<ld ne¨jfyd;a nhsisl,h wfmka bj;aù we;' jxf.äfha msá flàu" ñßia .f,a weUÍu mfilg oud we;' lDIsl¾ufha § .jhka fhdod iS iEu w;ayer oud we;' .%dóh iq`M mßudK c, úÿ,sn,d.dr jeks W;aidyhka fkdi<ld yeroud we;'wmgu wdfõksl fhda.H ir, ;dCIKh wm úiska w;ayer oud we;s njg WodyrK f,i oelaúhyelsh'fï iEu fohlau w;ayer oud we;s yeufokd wiSñ; mßfNdack rgdfõ iy ;r`.ldÍ ksIamdok rgdfõ f.dÿre njg m;aj isà'

IQudl¾ OfkaYajr wd¾:sl l%ufõohka ms<n|j fyda iudcjd§ w¾: l%uh fjkqfjka fyda iDcqj fmkS fkdisáho uyd mßudK ksIamdok l%ufõohka f,dalhg wys;lr m%;sM,hka w;alrfok nj m%ldY l< w¾:Ydia;%{fhls' l=vd mßudKfha ksIamdok tallhka u.sska ksIamdokh Èßu;a lsÍug fhduqùumdßißl úkdYh j<lajdixj¾Okfha ish`M wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK§fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug yels nj Tyqf.a m%ldY lf<ah'wiSñ; mßfNdack rgdfjka ck;dj .,jd .ekSu o fuu w¾nqohg ;j;a ms<shula nj Tyq fmkajd ÿkafkah' uOHu m%;smodj ;=< ckhdf.a wd¾Ól yd ish`M mßfNdack rgdjka m%.=K l<hq;= njg Tyq fhdackd lf<ah'

fn!oaO wd¾Ólh

iudcjd§ w¾: l%uh fyda OfkaYajr w¾: l%uh ms<sfkd.;a IQudl¾ ck;dj w;r iïm;a yd foam, idOdrKj fnÈhdfï woyi fjkqfjka oeäj fmkSisá wfhls. th l< yelafla uyd mßudk ksIamdok rgdjkag fkdj ck;dj il%shj iyNd.S lr.kakd l=vd mßudK wd¾Ól ksIamdok tallhkag njgTyq ;¾l lf<ah';=kajk f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a fj; .uka lrñka Tyqf.a wd¾Ól WmfoaYK fiajdj ,nd§ug Tyq bÈßm;a úh' wdishdkq l<dmSh  rgj,a fj; o Tyqf.a wjOdkh fhduq úh'Tyqf.a wd¾Ól WmfoaYK fiajdj nqreu rgg y÷kajdÿka wd¾Ól l%ufõoh — fn!oaO wd¾Ólh˜ f,i y÷kajk ,§.fï  w¾: l%uh uOHu m%;smodj fj; ckhd le|jd .ekSfï W;idyhla f,i ye¢kaùu jrola ke;'

uy;aud .dkaêf.a iajfoaYsl wd¾Ól jevms<sfj, o Tyqf.a wjOdkhg yd m%Yxidjg n÷kaúh'tf,i ;ukaf.au rfÜ iajdNdúl iïm;a fhdod.ksñka isÿ l< yels ksIamdokh" ukqIH j¾.hdf.a ixj¾Okh;a" wdrCIdj;a ;yjqre flfrk nj IQud¾l¾ f.a wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka f,djg ,nd ÿka mKsjqvh úh'

fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miq y÷kajdÿka flakaishdkq wd¾Ól l%ufõoh yd 70 oYlfha bÈßm;a l<kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ie<iqï iu`. fmdrnokakg ;rï jgmsgdjla IQud¾l¾ bÈßm;a l<ukqIH j¾.hdf.a yd iajNdj O¾ufha tl;=jla jQ wd¾Ól o¾Ykhg yelshdjla fkd;sìk' thg fya;=j f,i oelsh yelafla"f,dal iudc ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka fmdrne¥ wd¾Ól l%ufõohka flfrys ;snQ ±ä úYajdih yd ta fjkqfjka ÈhqKq rgj,a l, n,mEuEuh' tfy;a fuu w¾: l%u flfrys ;snQ úYajdih o l%ufhka ke;sù f.dia we;'

cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo," f,dal nexl=j" f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh jeks f,dal wd¾Ól kshduk hdka;%khka yryd f.da,ShlrKh ù ;sfnk kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól rgdjka o fõ.fhka w¾nqohg .uka lrñka ;sfí' tu w¾nqofha m%;sM,hla f,i f,dal ck.yKfhka nyq;rh ñksia ¥Qú,s njg m;aùu je<elaúh fkdyels nj fndfyda wd¾Ól úYaf,aIlhkaf.a u;h ù ;sfí'

tjka mßirhla ;+<iudc idOdrKh fjkqfjka,iajdNdj O¾ufha;a, ñksia j¾.hdf.a;a tl;=j u`.ska udkqIShjd§ wd¾Ól yd ixj¾Ok rgdjla fjkqfjka ish wd¾Ól {dkh fufyh jQ w¾kiaÜ fm%âßla IQud¾l¾ kï wd¾Ól{hdf.a ishjeks ckau Èkh fï fmnrjdß udifha 16 fjks Èkg fh§ ;sìK'

-O¾uisß ,xldfma,s